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Pheromone traps can detect the arrival of fleas or alert foresters to outbreaks. As an instance, the spruce budworm, a destructive pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian forests for many decades.22 In certain regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of forest are coated with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the harm generated during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals go to or make their home in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban areas. Some contaminate foodstuffs, damage structural timbers, chew through fabrics or infest stored dry goods. Some inflict great economic loss, others carry diseases or cause fire hazards, and some are just a nuisance. Control of these pests has been attempted by improving sanitation and garbage control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing pests like insects and rodents. Historically, local folks or compensated rat-catchers caught and murdered rodents using dogs and traps.25 On a national scale, sticky flypapers are used to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects may be trapped using these means as pheromones, synthetic volatile substances or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; some have a tacky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be murdered by suitably baited spring cubes and can be caught in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be used to establish routes employed by rodents inside buildings and acoustic devices can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, firearms have been one of the primary methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specifically made to fire .22 caliber snake shot or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for snakes, rodents, birds, and other insect. Garden Guns are short range weapons that can do little harm beyond 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively quiet when fired with snake shot, when compared with a standard ammunition.

They are also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shooter cartridge is .22 Long Rifle packed with #12 shot. In a distance of about ten feet (3 m), which is about the most effective range, the pattern is roughly 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter from a standard rifle. Particular smoothbore shotguns, like the Marlin Model 25MG can produce effective patterns from 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which maintain 1/8 oz.

Poisoned bait is a common method for controlling rats, mice, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other insects. The fundamental granules, or other formulation, contains a food attractant for the target dig this species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so that the workers have enough time to carry the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent further egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and household pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance to this anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 These are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up regularly.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals such as wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses however kill a wide range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a structure to kill pests like wood-boring beetles by sealing it surrounding it with an airtight cover such as a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, typically of 2472 hours. This is expensive and inconvenient because the structure cannot be utilized during the treatment, but it targets all life phases of pests.33.

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An alternative, space treatment, is fogging or misting to disperse a liquid insecticide in the atmosphere within a building without evacuation or sterile sealing, allowing most operate within the building to continue, in the cost of reduced penetration. Contact insecticides are generally utilized to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of insect insects can sometimes be radically reduced by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a pest, sterilising it by means of X-rays or some other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It is particularly useful where a female only mates once and where the insect does not disperse widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, a few species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.